Modification of Zingiber officinale capsules using solid dosage form technology as an adaptogen to accelerate the entry of local herbs into the global market: A review

Abstract

Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is a widely used medicinal plant with reported antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and immunomodulatory properties, supporting its potential development as a local adaptogenic herbal product. However, the development of ginger-based products in Indonesia remains largely limited to local use and conventional preparations. At the same time, international market entry requires improved formulation quality, product stability, bioavailability, standardization, and stronger scientific documentation. Literature searches were conducted in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Portal Garuda databases for original research articles published in English or Indonesian between 2019 and 2026, yielding ten relevant studies. This review discusses the potential modification of ginger capsules using solid dosage form technology to support the development of local herbs as competitive adaptogenic products in the global market. This review also discusses the pharmacological potential of ginger as an adaptogen, the characteristics of ginger as an active ingredient, formulation approaches for ginger extract capsules, comparison of capsule quality parameters, factors affecting capsule quality, and the market opportunity of ginger compared with established global adaptogens such as ashwagandha. This review emphasizes the role of excipient selection, capsule formulation strategy, microencapsulation, dissolution performance, stability considerations, and product standardization in improving the quality and competitiveness of ginger-based solid dosage forms. Overall, the development of modified ginger capsules using appropriate solid dosage form technology may strengthen the position of Indonesian ginger as a promising local herbal product for future global market expansion.